Architect systems that scale.

Understand vertical vs horizontal scaling, latency vs throughput, and system reliability metrics.

Distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability and performance.

Accelerate read performance and reduce database loads by storing active data in high-speed memory.

Improve query response times using indexes like B-Trees and Hash Indexes.

Ensure high availability and data durability by copying data across multiple servers.

Scale writes horizontally by partitioning a database into smaller, independent pieces.

Navigate consistency, availability, and partition tolerance tradeoffs in distributed systems.

Explore weak, eventual, and strong consistency models and their trade-offs.

Decouple systems and handle asynchronous processing with message buffers like RabbitMQ.

Implement event-driven architectures and fan-out broadcasting with systems like Apache Kafka.

Protect API endpoints from abuse and DDoS attacks using rate limiters.

Serve static media files closer to users to reduce latency using edge caching.

Distribute keys across server clusters evenly, minimizing re-mapping on node changes.

Verify set membership with zero false negatives and minimal memory usage.

Unify service interfaces, routing, authentication, and logging behind a single gateway.

Design a high-volume tinyurl.com routing system mapping short aliases to long URLs.

Architect a social timeline showing posts from people you follow.

Design a real-time messaging app with presence indicators and offline delivery.

Design a global video platform handling video uploads, transcoding, and adaptive streaming.

Design a real-time location tracking and driver dispatch service.

Architect a real-time typeahead query suggestions engine using Trie structures.